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The 104th United States Congress passed the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (NAHASDA)〔(Public Law 104-330 )〕 to simplify and reorganize the system of providing housing assistance to Native American communities to help improve the unsatisfactory conditions of infrastructure in Indian country. The legislation proposed to accomplish this reform by reducing the regulatory strictures that burdened tribes attempting to use their housing grants, and created a new program division of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) that combined several previously used programs into one block grant program committed to the task of tribal housing. The legislation has been reauthorized and amended several times since its passage. == History == NAHASDA was one result of the broader historic campaign for Native American self-determination. Prior to NAHASDA, housing assistance for Native American tribes and Alaska Natives was provided by several different programs under the Housing Act of 1937 and other related legislation that was put forth in succeeding decades.〔42 U.S.C. 1437, Title II; also see 110 Stat. 4042, sec. 501〕 These programs included assistance for Indian housing development, public housing projects, child development, rental assistance, youth program assistance, and housing assistance for the homeless. The programs greatly increased the quantity and quality of housing on Indian lands,〔Biles 2000, 49〕 but the assistance was not without its shortcomings. While these programs provided a broad range of assistance, many had to be applied to separately, had different requirements for eligibility, and placed different obligations from the tribes. They also considered public housing assistance on Indian land to merely be an extension of other housing programs, not recognizing the unique, rural, or cultural needs of Native American communities.〔Lazio 1996; Biles 2000, 58; Pierson 2010〕 Roger Biles describes how “The clustered housing prescribed for rental units clashed with the traditional living patterns of many Indians and, according to some IHA officials, resulted in the creation or exacerbation of problems previously rare in Native American populations such as gangs, violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.”〔Biles 2000, 58〕 These issues caused friction between HUD administrators and tribal leaders. A series of investigations in the 1990s also uncovered instances of corruption, fraud, and mismanagement.〔Biles 2000, 58〕 Furthermore, despite tribes' heavy utilization of federal housing assistance programs over the decades since these programs were enacted, Indian reservations still suffered from widespread poverty, inadequate housing, and homelessness.〔Richardson 1994〕 At the same time that many of these issues were coming to light, tribal leaders, advocates, and elected officials such as Rep. Bill Richardson (D-NM), began calling for the promotion of “a creative new approach that encourages tribes to take control of their own futures () would also get them out from under the (of Indian Affairs ).”〔Richardson 1994〕 On June 26, 1994, HUD released a new American Indian and Alaska Native policy statement,〔HUD 1994〕 emphasizing its intent to strengthen the unique government-to-government relationship between the U.S. and federally recognized Native American tribes and Alaska Native villages by encompassing Indian affairs as part of their sphere of responsibility. Traditionally, issues concerning Native Americans had been addressed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the U.S. Department of the Interior;〔9 Stat. 395〕 the policy statement sought to expand HUD's mission to include a special responsibility to Indian tribes. The memorandum was the basis for NAHASDA, which established grant and support programs specifically for the use of American Indian and Alaska Native groups, NAHASDA was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. Rick Lazio (R-NY) on March 29, 1996 〔( THOMAS: H.R. 3219, Bill Summary & Status )〕 as H.R. 3219. In his remarks, Rep. Lazio emphasized,
On September 28, 1996, Rep. Lazio moved to suspend the House rules and pass the bill as amended; the bill was agreed to by voice vote without objections. The bill then moved on to the U.S. Senate, where it was swiftly passed by unanimous consent on October 3. On October 26, 1996, U.S. President Bill Clinton officially signed NAHASDA into public law.〔(THOMAS: H.R. 3219, All Congressional Actions )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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